Utilization of devulcanized waste rubber tire in
1. Introduction. The global consumption of natural and synthetic rubber in 2017 was 28,437 kt (The International Rubber Study Group), 60% of which was used in manufacturing billion tires of these tires after the end of their service life is a serious environmental concern as they are nonbiodegradable (Karakurt, 2015).Some countries such as Japan, Italy, China, and the